Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Ruth Joan Bader Ginsburg (March 15, 1933 - September 18, 2020) bụ onye [w: Associate Justice nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States | Associate Justice]] nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States. Onye isi ala Bill Clinton họpụtara Ginsburg wee ṅụọ iyi nke ụlọ ọrụ na Ọgọst 10, 1993. Ọ bụ nwanyị ikpe ziri ezi nke abụọ (mgbe [[Sandra Day O'Connor] gasịrị) ma bụrụ otu n'ime ndị ọka ikpe nwanyị atọ na-eje ozi na Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu (ya na [Sonia Sotomayor]] na Elena Kagan). A na-elekarị ya anya dị ka onye nke liberal nku nke Ụlọikpe. Tupu ọ bụrụ onye ọka ikpe, Ginsburg nọrọ nnukwu akụkụ nke ọrụ iwu ya dị ka onye na-akwado nkwalite ikike ụmụ nwanyị dịka ụkpụrụ iwu. Ọ kwadoro dị ka onye ọka iwu afọ ofufo maka American Civil Liberties Union ma bụrụkwa onye otu ndị isi oche ya na otu n'ime ndụmọdụ izugbe ya na 1970s. Ọ bụ onye prọfesọ na Rutgers School of Law–Newark na Columbia Law School. Ginsburg nwụrụ na Septemba 18, 2020.
Ruth Bader Ginsburg
| ụdịekere | nwanyị  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | Njikota Obodo Amerika |
| aha n'asụsụ obodo | Ruth Bader Ginsburg |
| Aha ọmụmụ | Joan Ruth Bader |
| aha enyere | Ruth, Joan |
| aha ezinụlọ ya | Ginsburg, Bader |
| aha pseudonym | Notorious R.B.G., R.B.G. |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 15 Maachị 1933 |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | Brooklyn |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | 18 Septemba 2020 |
| Ebe ọ nwụrụ | Washington, D.C. |
| Ụdị ọnwụ | eke na-akpata |
| ihe kpatara ọnwụ | pancreatic cancer |
| Ebe olili | Arlington National Cemetery |
| Dị/nwunye | Martin D. Ginsburg |
| nwa | Jane C. Ginsburg, James Steven Ginsburg |
| asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye aka | American English, Hebrew, Swedish, Bekee |
| Asụsụ ọ na-ede | Bekee |
| ọrụ ọ na-arụ | Onye òká ikpe, onye ọka iwu, oka mmuta |
| onye were ọrụ | Rutgers University, Columbia University, Federal Government of the United States |
| Ọkwá o ji | Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit |
| ebe agụmakwụkwọ | Cornell University, Harvard Law School, Columbia Law School, James Madison High School |
| nwa akwukwo nke | Benjamin Kaplan |
| agbụrụ | |
| okpukpere chi/echiche ụwa | Judaism |
| Onye òtù nke | American Academy of Arts and Sciences |
| onye nlereranya | Dorothy Kenyon |
| kọwara na URL | https://www.nytimes.com/spotlight/ruth-bader-ginsburg-supreme-court |
| clerked for | Edmund Louis Palmieri |
Okwu Okwuru
dezie
, "Ebumnuche nke ndị ọkàikpe bụ ịhụ na nchịkwa na-aga n'ihu, ziri ezi na nke na-adịghị ele mmadụ anya n'ihu nke iwu." M ga-agbakwunye na onye ọka ikpe kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ ahụ n'enweghị mmasị, ma jiri nlezianya mee ya.]]
Ma gọọmenti etiti ma ọ bụ steeti gọọmentị anaghị eme ihe kwekọrọ na nchedo nha anya mgbe a. iwu ma ọ bụ amụma gọọmentị na-agọnahụ ụmụ nwanyị, naanị n'ihi na ha bụ ụmụ nwanyị, zuru oke obodo - equal ohere ịchọ, nweta, sonye na inye aka na society dabere n'otu n'otu talent na ikike ha.]
na-atupu nkwadebe mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ ma na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu. ịrụ ọrụ ịkwụsị ịkpa ókè mgbanwe dị ka ịtụfu nche anwụ gị na mmiri oké ifufe n’ihi na mmiri anaghị eru gị.]]
.jpg)
. Ole ndị bụ 'anyị ndị mmadụ'? … N'ezie, ha abụghị ụmụ nwanyị… n'ezie, ha abụghị ndị mmadụ n'agbụ mmadụ. Amamihe nke Iwu anyị bụ na ihe karịrị afọ 200 mgbe ụfọdụ ọgbaghara na-enwe 'anyị' gbasaara ma gbasaa.]]
1970s
dezie- Ihe e mesiri ike agaghị abụ na ikike ime ime kama na ikike nke nzuzo na njikwa ọmụmụ.
- Ajụjụ ọnụ, akwụkwọ akụkọ Ms. (Eprel 1974).
1980s
dezie- N'ụzọ a na-apụghị izere ezere, ọdịdị nke iwu gbasara nhazi ọkwa nwoke na nwanyị na nnwere onwe ịmụ nwa na-egosi ma na-emetụta ohere ụmụ nwanyị ga-enwe ikere òkè dị ka ndị mmekọ zuru oke nke nwoke na ndụ ọha mmadụ, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nke akụ na ụba mba.
- [https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=2961&context=nclr "Ụfọdụ echiche banyere nnwere onwe na nha anya n'ihe metụtara Roe v. Wade", North Carolina Iwu Nyochaa Mpịakọta 63, Nọmba 2, Nkeji edemede 4, 1985, p.375
- M kwuru ná mmalite na m kwenyere na Ụlọikpe ahụ gosipụtara ihe na-ezighị ezi maka ihe o mere. Academic nkatọ nke Roe, na-ebo Ụlọikpe ebubo na ọ gụrụ ụkpụrụ nke ya n'ime nkebi nke usoro kwesịrị ekwesị, nwere ike ọ gaghị abụ obere nkọwa ma ụlọikpe ahụ debe nwanyị ahụ naanị ya. , kama nwanyị ahụ e kegidere na dọkịta ya, n'etiti uche ya.
- [https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=2961&context=nclr "Ụfọdụ echiche banyere nnwere onwe na nha anya n'ihe metụtara Roe v. Wade", Ntụle Iwu Iwu North Carolina Mpịakọta 63, Nọmba 2, Nkeji edemede 4, 1985, p.382
- N'ozuzu, Court's Roe ọnọdụ na-adịghị ike, m kwere na, site echiche si ịta na a ọgwụ kwadoro nnwere onwe echiche, na mwepu nke a constitutionally dabeere mmekọahụ-equality anya. Aghọtara m echiche na n'ihi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, esemokwu nnwere onwe ịmụ nwa kwesịrị ịdịpụrụ adịpụ na arụmụka izugbe maka oke ikike, ọrụ, na ohere maka ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke.
- [https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=2961&context=nclr "Ụfọdụ echiche banyere nnwere onwe na nha anya n'ihe metụtara Roe v. Wade", North Carolina Law Review Mpịakọta 63, Nọmba 2, Nkeji edemede 4, 1985, p.385-386.
1990s
dezie- Ikpe nke asaa ruo abụọ na [Roe v. Wade]] kwupụtara "na-emebi iwu nke usoro iwu nke iri na anọ" iwu iwu ime ime nke Texas nke na-egbochi nnwere onwe nke nwanyị; iwu Texas “ma ewezuga [e] site na mpụ naanị usoro ịzọpụta ndụ n'aha [nwanyị dị ime].” Ka e were ya na Ụlọikpe ahụ kwụsịrị n'ebe ahụ, na-ekwupụta n'ụzọ ziri ezi na-akwadoghị usoro iwu kachasị dị egwu na mba ahụ, ma ghara ịga n'ihu, dị ka Ụlọikpe ahụ mere na Roe, ịmepụta usoro ọchịchị na-ekpuchi isiokwu ahụ, usoro iwu nke chụpụrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ steeti ọ bụla iwu wee dị ike. A ga-enwe esemokwu afọ iri abụọ anyị hụworo, nke gosipụtara na nso nso a na mkpebi nkewa nke Courtlọikpe Kasị Elu na Planned Parenthood v. Casey? Roe nke na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla, nke na-akụda iwu Texas dị oke egwu ma ghara ịgafe n'ihu n'ụbọchị ahụ, Ekwenyere m na m ga-achikota ihe kpatara ya, gaara arụ ọrụ iji belata kama ịkpalite esemokwu.'
- nkuzi enyere na 2003 afọ na New York University School of Law nke Ginsburg katọrọ Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States maka nhazi nke mkpebi ya na Roe v. Wade. Dị ka e hotara na: Olivia Waxman (August 2, 2018): Ruth Bader Ginsburg na-achọ ka ikpe a kwadoro ite ime n'ụzọ iwu kama Roe v. Wade. Na: Time Magazine. echekwara site na [1] /ruth-bader-ginsburg-roe-v-wade/ nke izizi] na Mee 27, 2022.
- Otú ọ dị, mmachibido ime ime nke mba na-achịkwa ụmụ nwanyị ma na-agọnahụ ha nnwere onwe zuru oke na nha anya zuru oke na ụmụ nwoke.
- Mgbe Sen. Hank Brown (R-CO) jụrụ gbasara okwu ya n'oge 1993 Senate nkwenye na-anụ banyere nkuzi ahụ e hotara n'elu, Ginsburg ji ahịrịokwu ndị ahụ e hotara doo anya n'ọnọdụ ya. Dị ka e hotara na: Olivia Waxman (August 2, 2018): Ruth Bader Ginsburg na-achọ ka ikpe a kwadoro ite ime n'ụzọ iwu kama Roe v. Wade. Na: Time Magazine. echekwara site na [2] /ruth-bader-ginsburg-roe-v-wade/ nke izizi] na Mee 27, 2022.
- Ọ dị mkpa ka nwanyị na nwoke nhata ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ekpebi ihe, na nhọrọ ya bụ ịchịkwa. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-amanye ihe mgbochi ndị na-egbochi nhọrọ ya, ị na-akpasu ya iwe n'ihi mmekọahụ ya. ** Na [[Abortion. 1993 nkwuputa nkwuputa nke kọmitii ikpe nke Senate. Dị ka e hotara na: Olivia Waxman (August 2, 2018): Ruth Bader Ginsburg na-achọ ka ikpe a kwadoro ite ime n'ụzọ iwu kama Roe v. Wade. Na: Time Magazine. echekwara site na [3] /ruth-bader-ginsburg-roe-v-wade/ nke izizi] na Mee 27, 2022.
- Ya mere, eriri atọ ahụ metụtara n'okwu Captain Struck. Isi ihe a na-ekwusi ike bụ nha anya ya dị ka nwanyị vis-à-vis nwoke na-ahụ maka echiche ahụ, na nhọrọ onwe ya, nke Gọọmenti kwuru na ọ gaghị enwe ma ọ bụrụ na ọ hapụghị ọrụ ya na ọrụ ahụ. N'ọnọdụ ahụ, eriri atọ ahụ metụtara: ikike nhata ya, ikike oruru ikpebiri onwe ya ma ọ̀ ga-amụ nwa, na nkwenkwe okpukpe ya. Yabụ na ọ bụghị otu ma ọ bụ okwu, otu karịa nke ọzọ. A na-amata mgbe niile na Otu ihe na-egosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke bụ na ọ bụ naanị ụmụ nwanyị na-atụrụ ime; ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-edobe nwanyị n'ọgwụgwọ na-adịghị mma na ndabere nke ọnọdụ ime ya , nke bụ ihe na-eme Captain Struck, ị ga-agọnarị mmeso ya nhata n'okpuru iwu …
- Na ikpe Struck v. Secretary of Defense . 1993 nkwuputa nkwuputa nke kọmitii ikpe nke Senate. Dị ka e hotara na: Olivia Waxman (August 2, 2018): Ruth Bader Ginsburg na-achọ ka ikpe a kwadoro ite ime n'ụzọ iwu kama Roe v. Wade. Na: Time Magazine. echekwara site na [4] /ruth-bader-ginsburg-roe-v-wade/ nke izizi] na Mee 27, 2022.
- 'Mkpebi ma ọ̀ ga-amụ nwa ma ọ bụ na ọ agaghị amụ bụ isi ihe na ndụ nwanyị, ọdịmma na ùgwù ya. Ọ bụ mkpebi ọ ga-emere onwe ya. Mgbe Gọọmenti na-achịkwa mkpebi ahụ maka ya, a na-emeso ya dị ka onye na-erughị eru zuru oke nke na-ahụ maka nhọrọ nke ya.
- 1993 Ụlọikpe nkwuputa nkwenye nke Kọmitii Ikpe Sineti. Dị ka e hotara na: Olivia Waxman (August 2, 2018): "Ruth Bader Ginsburg chọrọ ka ikpe a kwadoro ite ime n'ụzọ iwu kama ịbụ Roe v. Wade." Na: "Oge" magazin. echekwara site na [5] /ruth-bader-ginsburg-roe-v-wade/ the original] na Mee 27, 2022. Dị ka e hotara na: Louise Melling (Osote onye isi iwu na onye isi Ruth Bader Ginsburg Center for Liberty, ACLU) (September 23, 2020) : Maka ikpe ziri ezi Ginsburg, ite ime bụ maka nha anya. Na: American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). Archived sitere na [https: //www.aclu.org/news/reproductive-freedom/for-justice-ginsburg-abortion-was-about-equality the original] na Mee 27, 2022.
- Ka m gbalịa ikwu ná nkenke otú m si ele ọrụ ikpe anya. Ụzọ m, ekwenyere m, abụghị nke nnwere onwe ma ọ bụ mgbanwe. Kama, ọ gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'ọnọdụ ikpe, nke ndị ikpe, na obodo onye kwuo uche ya. Okwu mmalite Iwu Iwu na-ekwu na mbụ na anyị, ndị mmadụ na nke ndị nnọchite anya ha họpụtara. Judiciary bụ nke atọ n'ahịrị ma na-edowe ya iche na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ka ndị otu ya nwee ike ikpe ikpe ziri ezi, n'eleghị mmadụ anya n'ihu, dịka iwu siri dị, na-enweghị egwu maka ibu iro nke otu nrụgide ọ bụla. N'okwu [Alexander Hamilton]], "Ebumnuche nke ndị ọkàikpe bụ ịhụ na nchịkwa na-aga n'ihu, ziri ezi na nke na-adịghị ele mmadụ anya n'ihu nke iwu." M ga-agbakwunye na onye ọka ikpe kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ ahụ na-enweghị mmasị, ma na-akpachapụ anya. O kwesịrị ikpebi ikpe ahụ n'ihu ya n'ebughị ụzọ kwupụta okwu ikpe a na-ahụbeghị. O kwesịrị ịdị na-echeta mgbe ọ bụla dịka onye ọka ikpe. Ma mgbe ahụ Ikpe Ziri Ezi Benjamin Nathan Cardozo kwuru, “Ikpe ziri ezi agaghị eji oké ifufe were. Ọ ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-enwe obi ụtọ.” ** 1993 nkwuputa nkwenye ndị kọmitii ikpe nke Senate. Dị ka e hotara na Rev.com (undated): Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg Confirmation Hearing Transcript 1993. Archived [https:/ /archive.ph/DhdzR sitere na] nke izizi na Septemba 9, 2022.
- Ndị na-agbachitere omume gọọmentị dabere na mmekọahụ ga-egosipụtarịrị nkwenye siri ike maka omume ahụ iji mee ngosi ahụ. Onye na-agbachitere ahịrị nwoke na nwanyị ga-egosi ma ọ dịkarịa ala na nhazi talent ahụ mere ebumnuche gọọmentị dị mkpa yana na ụzọ ịkpa oke ọ bụla ejiri rụọ ọrụ nwere njikọ chiri anya na mmezu nke ebumnuche ndị ahụ. Ọkọlọtọ nleba anya dị elu nke dabara na nhazi ọkwa nwoke na nwanyị anaghị eme nkewa amachibidoro mana ọ na-egosi na ọ dabara na enweghị nchekwa na nchekwa nha anya iwu ma ọ bụ amụma gọọmentị na-agọnarị ụmụ nwanyị naanị n'ihi na ha bụ ụmụ nwanyị nha nhata ohere ịchọ, nweta, isonye na ya. , ma na-atụnye ụtụ na ọha mmadụ dabere n'ihe ha nwere ike ime. N'okpuru ọkọlọtọ a siri ike ịdabere na nchikota n'ozuzu oke nwoke ma ọ bụ nke nwanyị na-eme atụmatụ maka otu ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ụmụ nwoke agaghị ezuru ịgọnarị ohere nye ụmụ nwanyị ndị nkà na ikike ha na-etinye ha na-abụghị nkezi nkọwa. Dị ka Ụlọikpe a kwuru na Mahadum Mississippi maka ụmụ nwanyị megide Hogan" ihe dị ka afọ 14 gara aga ndị na-eme ihe nkiri steeti nwere ike ghara imechi ọnụ ụzọ mbata dabere n'echiche ndị a kapịrị ọnụ gbasara ọrụ ha na ikike ụmụ nwoke. na ụmụ nwanyị.
- Nkwupụta Echiche (June 26, 1996) na United States v. Virginia' ', 518 U.S. 515 (1996)
- Gọọmenti etiti ma ọ bụ steeti anaghị eme ihe kwekọrọ na nchekwa nha anya mgbe iwu ma ọ bụ amụma gọọmentị na-agọnarị ụmụ nwanyị, naanị n'ihi na ha bụ ụmụ nwanyị, tozuru oke ịbụ nwa amaala - ohere nha anya ịchọ, nweta, isonye na itinye aka na ọha mmadụ dabere na ha. talent na ikike onye ọ bụla.'
- Ide akwụkwọ maka ụlọikpe, United States v. Virginia', 518 U.S. 515 (1996), na 532.
- Esemokwu dị n'etiti nwoke na nwanyị, anyị aghọtala, na-anọgide na-abụ ihe na-eme ememe, ma ọ bụghị n'ihi nlelị nke ndị òtù ma ọ bụ mmekọahụ ma ọ bụ maka ihe mgbochi artificial na ohere mmadụ. Enwere ike iji nhazi nke nwoke na nwanyị kwụọ ụgwọ maka ụmụ nwanyị "maka ụfọdụ nkwarụ akụ na ụba [ha] tara ahụhụ," Califano v. Webster, 430 U. S. 313, 320 (1977) ) (kwa curiam), ''''' kwalite[e] ohere ọrụ nhata,"hụ California Fed. Sav. & Mbinye ego Assn. v. Guerra, 479 U.S. 272,289 (1987), iji kwalite mmepe zuru oke nke talent na ikike nke ndị mba anyị. Mana enweghị ike iji nhazi ọkwa ndị dị otú ahụ, dịka ọ dịbu, ''hụ Goesaert, 335 U.S., na 467, 'imepụta ma ọ bụ mee ka iwu kwadoro, elekọta mmadụ, na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke ụmụ nwanyị."
- Ide akwụkwọ maka ụlọikpe, United States v. Virginia', 518 U.S. 515 (1996), na 533-534.
Njikọ Mpụga
dezie
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
- Wepụta ọnọdụ na nhota okwu na On The Issues
- Voices on Antisemitism: Ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Ruth Bader Ginsburg maka ihe ngosi nka ncheta Holocaust nke United States
- [http://www.makers.com/ruth-bader-ginsburg Ruth Bader Ginsburg, vidiyo nke Makers: Women Who Make America mepụtara
- Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu Associate Justice Nomination Hearings na Ruth Bader Ginsburg na July 1993
- Ndị otu na Council on Foreign Relations