Joan Robinson

Joan Robinson

mmádu

ụdịekere	nwanyị
mba o sị	Obodoézè Nà Ofú, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
aha n'asụsụ obodo	Joan Violet Robinson
Aha ọmụmụ	Joan Violet Maurice
aha enyere	Joan, Violet
aha ezinụlọ ya	Robinson
ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya	31 Ọktoba 1903
Ebe ọmụmụ	Camberley
Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya	5 Ọgọọst 1983
Ebe ọ nwụrụ	Cambridge
Ńnà	Frederick Barton Maurice
Ńné	Margaret Helen Marsh
nwanne	Nancy Maurice
Dị/nwunye	Austin Robinson
asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye aka	Bekee
Asụsụ ọ na-ede	Bekee
ọrụ ọ na-arụ	economist, university teacher
onye were ọrụ	Newnham College
ebe agụmakwụkwọ	St Paul's Girls' School, Girton College, Mahadum nke Cambridge
onye ndụmọdụ doctoral	John Maynard Keynes
doctoral student	Amartya Sen, Donald Moggridge
nwa akwụkwọ	Amartya Sen
Onye òtù nke	American Academy of Arts and Sciences, British Academy
Ihe nrite	Fellow of the British Academy, Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

Joan Robinson FBA (30 Ọktoba 1903 - 5 Ọgọst 1983) bụ onye ọka mmụta akụ na ụba Britain mgbe Keynesian nyere ọtụtụ onyinye na tiori akụ na ụba.

Okwu ndị okwuru

• Ihe ọ bụla i nwere ike ikwu n’ụzọ ziri ezi banyere India, nke ahụ bụkwa eziokwu.
  • Edemede Amartya Sen na 'The Economist' nke dị na Nọvemba 18th, 2005 [1]

Nkà ihe ọmụma akụ̀ na ụba (1962)

nọmba ibe sitere na mbipụta Aldine 2006.

• 'Ọ bụ azụmahịa nke ndị ọkachamara n'ihe banyere akụ na ụba, ọ bụghị ịgwa anyị ihe anyị ga-eme, kama gosi ihe mere ihe anyị na-eme ji bụrụ ụkpụrụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi ụkpụrụ.
  • p. 21

• nhụsianya nke ndị isi obodo na-erigbu bụ ọ dịghị ihe ma e jiri ya tụnyere nhụsianya nke na-ejighị ya eme ihe ọ bụla."
  • p. 45

• Ọganihu na-eji nwayọ nwayọ site na enweghị ọgụgụ isi. N'isiokwu ebe a na-enweghị usoro a kwadoro maka ịkụpụ njehie , ozizi na-adị ogologo ndụ.' Otu prọfesọ na-akụzi ihe a kụziiri ya, na ụmụ akwụkwọ ya, na-eji ezi [[nkwanyere ùgwù] kwesịrị ekwesị. na nkwanye ùgwù maka ndị nkuzi, guzobe nguzogide megide ya ndị nkatọ n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla ọzọ karịa na ọ bụ ya bụ ụmụ akwụkwọ ya.
  • p. 79

Ede edemede na Marxian Economics (Mbipụta nke Abụọ) (1966)

• 'Amalitere m ịgụ Capital, dị ka mmadụ na-agụ akwụkwọ ọ bụla, ka m hụ ihe dị na ya; Achọtara m nnukwu ihe nke na-abụghị ndị na-eso ụzọ ya ma ndị na-emegide ya akwadobeghị m ịtụ anya ya.
  • Okwu mmalite nke mbipụta nke abụọ, p. vi

• Ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, a na-emeso Marx na ngalaba agụmakwụkwọ na ịgbachi nkịtị nlelị, gbajiri naanị site na ndetu ala ala ụkwụ na-akwa emo mgbe ụfọdụ. Ma mmepe nke oge a na nkà mmụta sayensị, nke a na-amanye site na mmepe nke oge a na ndụ akụ na ụba - nyocha nke monopoly na nyocha nke enweghị ọrụ - emebiwo usoro nke ozizi okpukpe ma bibie nkwenye nke ndị ọkachamara n'ihe banyere akụ na ụba na-ele anya ọrụ nke laissez-faire ikeketa ọchịchị. ' Àgwà ha n'ebe Marx dị, dị ka onye na-edu ndú na-akatọ ikeketeke, ya mere ọ dị obere ka ọ dị na mbụ. N'echiche m, ha nwere ọtụtụ ihe ha ga-amụta n'aka ya.
  • Okwu mmalite, p. xxii

• Ihe dị iche iche dị n'etiti Marxian na akụnụba ọdịnala ọdịnala bụ, nke mbụ, na ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara akụ na ụba Ọtọdọks nabatara usoro onye isi obodo dịka akụkụ nke usoro ebighi ebi nke okike, ebe Marx na-ewere ya dị ka oge na-agafe na mgbanwe site na feudal akụ na ụba nke oge gara aga gaa na socialist akụ na ụba nke ọdịnihu.
  • Isi nke Mbụ, Okwu Mmalite, p. 1

• N’ozuzu, àgwà nro nke echiche Marx na-enye ya, n’ọgbọ a jọgburu onwe ya, ikuku nke eziokwu dị ukwuu karịa afọ ojuju nke ndị mmụta Ọtọdọks. Ma ya onwe ya, n'otu oge ahụ, na-agba ume karịa ha, n'ihi na ọ na-ewepụta olile anya yana ụjọ site na Igbe Pandora, ebe ha na-ekwusa naanị ozizi ọjọọ nke [[Candide | ihe niile bụ maka. nke kacha mma n'ime ụwa niile ekwe omume ].
  • Isi nke Mbụ, Okwu Mmalite, p. 4-5

• Voltaire kwuru na ọ ga-ekwe omume iji mgbaasị gbuo ìgwè atụrụ ma ọ bụrụ na i nye ha ọtụtụ arsenic n'otu oge ahụ. Atụrụ ahụ, na ọnụ ọgụgụ a, nwere ike guzoro maka ndị na-akwado mgbaghara nke ikeketa ihe; Nghọta Marx na-abanye n'ime ya na ịkpọasị dị ilu nke mmegbu na-enye arsenic, ebe Ọrụ nke uru na-enye mkpali.
  • Isi nke Atọ, Ozizi Ọrụ nke Uru, p. 22

• Ọ bụrụ na e nwere [[iwu] ọ bụla na-achịkwa nkesa ego n'etiti klaasị, ọ ka na-anọgide na-achọpụta."
  • Isi nke IV, Ozizi Ogologo Oge nke Ọrụ, p. 34
• Ọ bụrụ na ihe ọmụma na-etolite ka isi obodo na-akwakọba, ọ dịghị mkpa ka a na-enwe ọchịchọ ebelata nloghachi, na nloghachi mgbe niile enweghị ike inwe ọchịchọ maka ọnụego uru na-adaba (na-eche mgbe niile na nsogbu nke[[w: mkpa dị irè | ihe achọrọ dị irè]) ka a na-ewepụ).
  • Isi nke V, Ọnụego Ọdịda nke Uru, p. 38

• Usoro ọgbara ọhụrụ, dị ka Marx rụtụrụ aka, na-akwalite ntinye ego nke isi obodo, na ọkwa nke uru na-akwado site na ụkọ ụlọ ọrụ nke na-abụghị n'ihi ọnụ ahịa nke ihe ize ndụ , kama n'ihi ụkọ nke ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu. ndị nwere ihe ọ bụla n'ihe ize ndụ.
  • Isi nke VII, Ozizi Ọtọdọks nke Uru, p. 57-58

• Ọ bụ ọnụ ahịa itinye ego nke na-achịkwa ọnụọgụ ego, ọ bụghị ozé versa.
  • Isi nke Asatọ, The General Theory of Employment, p. 66

• Ọ bụrụ na ịrị elu nke ụgwọ ọrụ anaghị ebuli ọnụ ahịa, ọdịda agaghị ebelata ha.
  • Isi nke X, Ụgwọ Ọrụ na Ezigbo Ego, p. 89

• Marx, n'agbanyeghị ezughị okè ọ rụpụtara nkọwapụta, tinye onwe ya ọrụ nke ịchọpụta iwu nke ngagharị nke ikeketeorie, ma ọ bụrụ na enwere olileanya ọ bụla maka ọganihu na akụnụba, ọ ga-abụrịrị na iji ya eme ihe. usoro agụmakwụkwọ iji dozie nsogbu ndị Marx wetara.
  • Isi nke XI, Nyocha Na-agbanwe agbanwe, p. 95

Economic heresies (1971)

• Ozizi ndị akụnụba bụ́ ndị na-achị na nkeji iri na ise ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu nwere ozi doro anya. Ha kwadoro laisser faire, ahia efu, ọla edo, na mmetụta bara uru zuru ụwa ọnụ nke nchụso uru site na asọmpi onwe ụlọ ọrụ.
  • Okwu mmalite, p. vii

• N'okwu niile dị na Ụkpụrụ (ma megidere nyocha nke nkịtị) ọ bụghị ichekwa rentier s kama ike nke ndị ọchụnta ego na-achịkwa mkpokọta.
  • Isi nke Mbụ, Steeti na-akwụsị, p. 14

• A ịda mbà n'obi bụ ọnọdụ nke imezu onwe ya pessimism.
  • Isi nke Abụọ, Oge Mkpirisi, p. 23

• Eziokwu abụghị afọ ọla edo.'
  • Isi nke Atọ, Mmasị na Uru, p. 47

• [Rosa Luxemburg]] kwusiri ike na usoro onye isi obodo nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe ọnụ ọgụgụ ya etinye ego (na ya mere uru ya) naanị ma ọ bụrụhaala na ọ na-agbasawanye na mpaghara.
  • Isi nke Atọ, Mmasị na Uru, p. 50 (nye Karl Marx, Das Isi obodo, Buch II, Isi XX, p. 474)
• Mana ozugbo anyị webatara oge akụkọ ihe mere eme na arụmụka ahụ, ọ naghị adị mfe igosipụta egwuregwu efu nke ahịa dị ka usoro dị mma maka ịkwalite ọdịmma na ichekwa ikpe ọha na eze.
  • Isi nke anọ, Nlaghachi na-abawanye ma na-ebelata, p. 63

• Mgbe akụkụ buru ibu nke ahịa maka textile Britain dị n'ime obodo, ọdịda nke ọnụ ahịa tii na koko kpatara enweghị ọrụ na Lancashire.

• • Isi nke V, Ụdị Na-abụghị Ego, p. 67

• Enwere ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe, mystical n'echiche Friedman '. Naanị ịdị adị nke ngwaahịa ego n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-akwalite mmefu. Mana ọ bụrụhaala na ọ na-enye theory nwere ọgụgụ isi, ọ bụ ihe ndị e nwetara site na [[ Keynes ] mebere ya.
  • Isi nke VI, Ọnụ ahịa na Ego, p. 87

• ''Oge, dị ka a pụrụ isi kwuo ya, na-agba ọsọ n'akụkụ aka nri na ibe n'ebe ọ bụla n'usoro.
  • Isi nke VII, Theory of Firm, p. 104

• Ọdịdị teknụzụ na-adabere nnọọ n'ihe a pụrụ ime ka ọha na eze nagide.
  • Isi nke Asatọ, Ụdị Uto, p. 140

• 'Ọ bụrụgodị na a ga-emeri ọgba aghara ndị na-ebilite ma nwee ọganihu ọganihu ọhụrụ, nsogbu ndị ka njọ ka ga-anọgide. Modern capitalism enweghị nzube ma e wezụga iji mee ka ihe ngosi ahụ na-aga.
  • Mkpebi, p. 143

Ntụnye aka na akụnụba ọgbara ọhụrụ (1978)

• Mgbe m rutere Cambridge (n’October 1921) ịgụ gbasara akụ̀ na ụba, amachaghị m ihe ọ bụ.
  • Ihe ncheta, p. ix

• Ọ dịghị ihe dị ka oge nkịtị nke akụkọ ihe mere eme. Normalality bụ akụkọ ifo nke akwụkwọ ọgụgụ akụnụba.
  • Isi nke 1, Nsogbu nke Abụọ nke Echiche akụ na ụba, p. 3

• Ọ bụ njehie na-ewu ewu na ọrụ ọchịchị adịghị agbanwe agbanwe karịa ụlọ ọrụ nkeonwe. O nwere ike ịbụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu, mana mgbe a ga-eme mgbanwe n'ọtụtụ buru ibu, njikwa etiti na-agbanwe karịa. Ọ nwere ike were ọnwa abụọ iji nweta azịza nke akwụkwọ ozi sitere n'aka ngalaba gọọmentị, mana ọ na-ewe afọ iri abụọ maka ụlọ ọrụ dị n'okpuru ụlọ ọrụ nkeonwe iji dozie onwe ya na ọdịda nke ọchịchọ.
  • Isi nke 3, Ihe mgbochi na-arụ ọrụ zuru oke, p. 27 (Lekwakwa: General Motors)

• Ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịgbakwunye ngwaahịa ego na eruba nke ịchekwa.
  • Isi nke 4, Echiche nke ịkpakọba ihe, p. 32

• Ma, ozugbo ndị ntule ghọrọ mmetụta dị mkpa n'ahịa, azụmahịa ha bụ ịkọ nkọ na omume ibe ha.
  • Isi nke 5, Ọnụego Mmasị, p. 46

• Michal Kalecki na-ekwu na o bu ụzọ mbipụta bụ ihe a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha.'
  • Isi nke 6, Kalecki And Keynes, p. 55
• Ebumnobi nke ịmụ gbasara akụ na ụba abụghị iji nweta usoro azịza njikere maka ajụjụ akụ na ụba, kama ịmụta ka a ga-esi zere ịbụ ndị ọkachamara n'ihe banyere akụ na ụba duhiere
  • Isi nke 7, Marx, Marshall na Keynes, p. 75

• 'Capital' abụghị ihe a na-akpọ isi obodo, ọ bụ aha ya.

** Isi nke 8, Ọrụ Mmepụta na Ozizi nke Capital, p.  79

• Ọ bụ oge dị elu ịhapụ isi ihe na-aga n'ihu wee banye na mmiri na-eme mkpọtụ nke nyocha dị egwu n'ezie.
  • Isi nke 11, Ihe Isi Obodo Pụtara, p. 125

• Ma ụdọ ọnụma na-aga n’ụzọ ọzọ. Ajụla m ihe kpatara ya. Ọ bụ naanị eziokwu m chọpụtara mgbe m na-ele anya site na machan.
  • Isi nke 13, nkuzi na Oxford site n'aka onye Cambridge Economist, p. 143 (nsụpe dị ka ederede...)

• Gịnị kpatara ndị na-achụ nta n'ime Akụ na ụba Mba jiri were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were na-akpụ akpụ?
  • Isi nke 14, The Philosophy of Prices, p. 146

• Ọ dị mfe ịhazi njikwa otu ụlọ ọrụ na-enye ọtụtụ ahịa karịa otu ahịa nke ngwaahịa nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ere.

** Isi nke 15, 'Asọmpi ezughị okè' legharịrị, p.  167

• Ụgwọ ego sitere n'ihe onwunwe abụghị ụgwọ ọrụ nke ichere, ọ bụ ụgwọ ọrụ nke iji ezigbo stockbroker.
  • Isi nke 16, Theory of Value Reconsidered, p. 188

• N'oge ọ bụla, n'ezie, azụmahịa ziri ezi adịghị n'etiti mpaghara dị iche iche nke ụwa a na-ebi n'ụwa nke dị n'okpuru ọchịchị mba dị iche iche - a na-enwe usoro ụkọ ego na mwepu na-agbanwe mgbe niile.
  • Isi nke 19, Mkpa maka ịtụgharị uche, p. 218

• Ọ dị ka ọ bụghị amụma Keynesian ma ọ bụ Marxian nke amụma ikeketeke na-emezu n'ọdịnihu, a hapụkwara anyị n'enweghị echiche ọ bụla gbasara ihe ga-eme na-esote.
  • Isi nke 20, Ọ̀ gbanwewo Mgbakọ Ọchịchị?, p. 227

• Ịkwanye ngwongwo bụ isi iyi nke uru, mana ịnye ọrụ bụ 'ibu dị n'elu ụlọ ọrụ'. Ọ bụ ya mere na mgbe, dị ka mba, 'anyị enwebeghị ihe ọma dị otú ahụ' anyị na-achọpụta na anyị 'apụghị imeli' nanị ihe dị anyị mkpa.
  • Isi nke 21, Ịkụkọ Ụba Ụbọchi Ikpeazụ, p. 239

• onye nnọchite anya ga-enwerịrị ụfọdụ uche.
  • Isi nke 22, Ọganihu Socialist., p. 246
• Ozizi Keynesian bastard, malitere na United States, wakporo ikike akụ na ụba nke ụwa, na-ese n'elu nku nke dollar pụrụ ime ihe nile.
  • Isi nke 23, Gịnị Bụla nke Iwu Ọrụ?, p. 256

• "Onye ahịa ahụ achọpụtala na marginal utility nke ụmụ nwanyị na-ebelata n'ike n'ike."
  • Isi nke 24, Mma na anụ ọhịa, p. 268